Nadezhda Mandelstam’s book ‘Hope against Hope’ (1970) is a study of what happens when a society lurches out of control and begins to cannibalize its own citizens. The greatest weapon dictatorial governments have is to make everyone culpable. The ultimate consequence is a society where no one, not even the most powerful despot, has ultimate control.
No one can say “stop” and have order restored; the sickness is, by that point, in every cell of the body political.
It is the national version of original sin.
Nadezhda goes on to write: Anybody who breathes the air of terror is doomed, even if nominally he manages to save his life. Everybody is a victim – not only those who die, but also all the killers, ideologists, accomplices and sycophants who close their eyes or wash their hands – even if they are secretly consumed with remorse at night.
Every section of the population has been through the terrible sickness caused by terror, and none has so far recovered, or become fit for normal civilian life.
If nothing else is left, one must scream. Silence is the real crime against humanity.



Edvard Munch’s Scream 1893


















